Lysosomes are membrane‐enclosed organelles that mediate the intracellular degradation
of macromolecules. They play an essential role in calcium regulation and have emerged as …

Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) constitutes one of the major
checkpoint (s) of apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Recently, the permeabilization of yet …

For years, it has been held that cathepsin D (CD) is involved in rather non-specific protein
degradation in a strongly acidic milieu of lysosomes. Studies with CD knock-out mice …

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant and one of the most widely
abused drugs worldwide. The continuous use of METH eventually leads to drug addiction …

Lysosomes are degradative organelles essential for cell homeostasis that regulate a variety
of processes, from calcium signaling and nutrient responses to autophagic degradation of …

The lysosomal compartment is essential for a variety of cellular functions, including the
normal turnover of most long-lived proteins and all organelles. The compartment consists of …

In the first part, the following mechanisms involved in different forms of cell death are
considered, with a view to identifying potential therapeutic targets: tumour necrosis factor …

Background/Aims: Apoptosis and autophagy are two patterns of programmed cell death
which play important roles in the intervertebral disc degeneration. Oxidative stress is an …

Iron is the most abundant transition metal in the earth's crust. It cycles easily between ferric
(oxidized; Fe (III)) and ferrous (reduced; Fe (II)) and readily forms complexes with oxygen …

In familial neurodegenerative disorders, protein aggregates form continuously because of
genetic mutations that drive the synthesis of truncated or unfolded proteins. The oxidative …