There is an emerging quest for lightweight materials with excellent mechanical properties
and economic production, while still being sustainable and functionalizable. They could form …

Abstract In 1903, Alexander Graham Bell developed a design principle to generate
lightweight, mechanically robust lattice structures based on triangular cells; this has since …

Various methods have been exploited to replicate nacre features into artificial structural
materials with impressive structural and mechanical similarity. However, it is still very …

The strength of lightweight mechanical metamaterials, which aim to exploit material-
strengthening size effects by their microscale lattice structure, has been limited by the …

Stronger, tougher, and lighter materials are always among the relentless pursuits of material
scientists and engineers. The hierarchical design inspired by nature has been considered …

Biological materials have robust hierarchical structures capable of specialized functions and
the incorporation of natural biologically active components, which have been finely tuned …

Biomimetic material development takes inspiration from biological materials and organisms
that possess extraordinary properties or appearance, such as excellent mechanical strength …

The attainment of both strength and toughness is a vital requirement for most structural
materials; unfortunately these properties are generally mutually exclusive. Although the …

Biological materials are typically multifunctional but many have evolved to optimize a chief
mechanical function. These functions include impact or fracture resistance, armor and …

Nacre (known as mother of pearl) is the iridescent inner shell layer of some mollusks. Nacre
is composed of 95 wt% aragonite (a crystallographic form of CaCO3) and 5 wt% organic …