Water is a fundamental molecule in the universe. On Earth, water exists in all three phases:
gas, liquid, and solid (ice). Liquid water facilitates many chemical reactions as a solvent …

Since we intend to review experimental and theoretical studies of physicochemical
processes occurring on cosmic dust grains in very cold regions in space, we start with a brief …

Context. Water is a key molecule in the physics and chemistry of star and planet formation,
but it is difficult to observe from Earth. The Herschel Space Observatory provided …

The most common means of converting an observed CO line intensity into a molecular gas
mass requires the use of a conversion factor (X CO). While in the Milky Way this quantity …

▪ Abstract Recent advances in the understanding of the chemical processes that occur
during all stages of the formation of stars, from the collapse of molecular clouds to the …

The introduction of chemistry into astronomy is relatively recent and can be dated back to
about half a century ago, when molecules were discovered in space. In the 1930s it was …

Dust is a ubiquitous feature of the cosmos, impinging directly or indirectly on most fields of
modern astronomy and astrophysics. Dust in the Galactic Environment, Second Edition …

The degree of ionization, x (e)= n (e)/n (H 2), and the cosmic-ray ionization rate, ζ, in 24
cloud cores have been determined by comparing observational data from Butner et al. on …

The maps presented in Paper I are here used to infer the variation of the column densities of
HCO+, DCO+, N 2 H+, and N 2 D+ as a function of distance from the dust peak. These …

We review the gas-phase chemistry in extraterrestrial space that is driven by reactions with
atomic and molecular ions. Ions are ubiquitous in space and are potentially responsible for …