In one decade, immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) has become
a new pillar of cancer treatment following surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted …

Abstract Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs), in addition to targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-
L1, novel targeting LAG-3 drugs have also been approved in clinical application. With the …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized medical practice in oncology since
the FDA approval of the first ICI 11 years ago. In light of this, Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3 …

The immune system frequently comprises immunological checkpoints. They serve as a
barrier to keep the immune system from overreacting and damaging cells that are robust …

Simple Summary Although the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in
melanoma treatment has significantly improved prognosis for patients with advanced …

Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) is an inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor that
restrains autoimmune and antitumor responses, but its evolutionarily conserved cytoplasmic …

The differentiation, survival, and effector function of tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells lie
at the center of antitumor immunity. Due to the lack of proper costimulation and the abundant …

Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapies have reshaped the therapeutic landscape in
lung cancer management, providing first-time improvements in patient response, prognosis …

Many cancer patients do not benefit from PD-L1/PD-1 blockade immunotherapies. PD-1 and
LAG-3 co-upregulation in T-cells is one of the major mechanisms of resistance by …

Cancer cells often metastasize by undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Although abundance of CD8+ T-cells in the tumor microenvironment correlates with …