Plants inhabit environments crowded with infectious microbes that pose constant threats to
their survival. Necrotrophic pathogens are notorious for their aggressive and wide-ranging …

Biotic factors affect plant immune responses and plant resistance to pathogen infections.
Despite the considerable progress made over the past two decades in manipulating genes …

Arabidopsis thaliana MPK3 and MPK6, two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs or
MPKs), play critical roles in plant disease resistance by regulating multiple defense …

Transcriptional reprogramming forms a major part of a plant's response to pathogen
infection. Many individual components and pathways operating during plant defense have …

The phytohormone network consisting of jasmonate, ethylene, PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT4,
and salicylic acid signaling is required for the two modes of plant immunity, pattern-triggered …

Pathogen attack leads to transcriptional changes and metabolic modifications allowing the
establishment of appropriate plant defences. Transcription factors (TFs) are key players in …

The ethylene response factor (ERF) family in Arabidopsis thaliana comprises 122 members
in 12 groups, yet the biological functions of the majority remain unknown. Of the group IX …

Multiple environmental stresses affect growth and development of plants. Plants try to adapt
under these unfavorable condition through various evolutionary mechanisms like …

Brassica napus is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and stem rot caused by
the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum results in major losses in yield and quality. To elucidate …

Leaf growth is a complex developmental process that is continuously fine-tuned by the
environment. Various abiotic stresses, including mild drought stress, have been shown to …