The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) represents the entry point into the secretory pathway where
nascent proteins encounter a specialized environment for their folding and maturation …

The reversal of thiol oxidation in proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for
protein folding, degradation, chaperone function, and the ER stress response. Our …

Viruses subvert the functions of their host cells to replicate and form new viral progeny. The
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been identified as a central organelle that governs the …

Secreted, plasma membrane, and resident proteins of the secretory pathway are
synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where they undergo post-translational …

Bacterial toxins often translocate across a cellular membrane to gain access into the host
cytosol, modifying cellular components in order to exert their toxic effects. To accomplish this …

Cholera toxin (CT), a bacterial exotoxin composed of one A subunit (CTA) and five B
subunits (CTB), functions as an immune adjuvant. CTB can induce production of interleukin …

Background Microbial contamination poses a major difficulty for successful data analysis in
biological and biomedical research. Computational approaches utilizing next-generation …

Disturbances in cholesterol homeostasis have been associated with ASD. Lipid rafts are
central in many transmembrane signaling pathways (including mTOR) and changes in raft …

Once secretory proteins have been targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, the
proteins typically remain partitioned from the cytosol. If the secretory proteins misfold, they …

Multiple pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, manipulate endoplasmic reticulum-
associated degradation (ERAD) to avoid the host immune response and promote their …