The existence of mantle plumes was first proposed in the 1970s to explain intra-plate,
hotspot volcanism, yet owing to difficulties in resolving mantle upwellings with geophysical …

Seismic images of Earth's interior reveal two massive anomalous zones at the base of the
mantle, above the core, where seismic waves travel slowly. The mantle materials that …

The conserved histone variant H2AZ has an important role in the regulation of gene
expression and the establishment of a buffer to the spread of silent heterochromatin. How …

The largest accumulations of rhyolitic melt in the upper crust occur in voluminous silicic
crystal mushes, which sometimes erupt as unzoned, crystal-rich ignimbrites, but are most …

The origin of mantle hotspots is a controversial topic. Only seven ('primary') out of 49
hotspots meet criteria aimed at detecting a very deep origin (three in the Pacific, four in the …

We present tomographic evidence for the existence of deep-mantle thermal convection
plumes. P-wave velocity images show at least six well-resolved plumes that extend into the …

Seismic tomography reveals 2 extensive regions in the lowermost mantle, beneath Africa
and the Pacific, that exhibit lower-than-average seismic wave speeds. These regions have …

Large low-velocity seismic anomalies have been detected in the Earth's lower mantle
beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean that are not easily explained by temperature variations …

The Hawaiian-Emperor hotspot track has a prominent bend, which has served as the basis
for the theory that the Hawaiian hotspot, fixed in the deep mantle, traced a change in plate …

We present a review of the analogue modelling method, which has been used for 200 years,
and continues to be used, to investigate geological phenomena and geodynamic processes …