To call something'monstrueux'in the mid-sixteenth century is, more often than not, to wonder
at its enormous size: it is to call to mind something like a whale. By the late seventeenth' …

The savagery of the native Irish and, in particular, their predilection for severing heads, is
repeatedly asserted, not only in the texts of conquest, but in representations of the “Wild …

This paper examines the osteological evidence for decapitation from 30 skeletal
assemblages dated to the medieval period (6 th to 16 th century) from Ireland. This is the first …

To at least some of the crown's officers who observed it, the Tudor conquest of Ireland could
evoke disturbing memories. In 1558, railing against the ravages recently inflicted by both …

The French diplomat and humanist scholar Hubert Languet was quick to pour scorn on the
patriotic Welshman's" judgments which seem to lack common sense," especially in his …

THE IDEA THAT early modern Ireland was singled out by the English for exceptionally
barbaric treatment is of course an old one, and one which remains an article of faith for …

This thesis is an examination of gentry perceptions of violence in fourteenth-century
England. It is intended to demonstrate the potential for advancing studies of this nature by …