National resilience, defined by NATO as a state's ability to “resist and recover from a major
shock such as a natural disaster, failure of critical infrastructure, or a hybrid or armed attack” …

Aiming to protect energy security, the European Union (EU) has sought to persuade third
states to accept its energy acquis, relying on a formed strategic narrative. However, the …

This paper analyzes the EU-Russia energy relations in the period 2010-2022. Although in
other sectors the European Union has a competitive advantage, in this area the vulnerability …

The authors analyse the evolution of Russia–European Union (EU) relations since the
beginning of the 1990s: the moment when both the Russian Federation as a sovereign state …

Abstract In 2018, the African Union adopted the Agreement on the African Continental Free
Trade Area (AfCFTA) with the aim of creating a common market for goods and services that …

On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, following an
eightyear confrontation between 2014 and 2022 that has been variably described by …

This chapter outlines the key priority areas in the context of energy efficiency in the EU and
discusses the relevant legal instruments. It analyses the performance of the EU Member …

This article focuses on the relationship between the EU actorness and the internal and
external dimension of energy policy in an effort to conceptualize the EU energy actorness. In …

Tässä pro gradu-tutkielmassa tarkastellaan Euroopan komission harjoittamaa
energiapolitiikka Jean-Claude Junckerin kaudella 2015–2019. Astuessaan virkaan komissio …

The CJEU's final ruling in the OPAL case underscores the evo‑lution of the solidarity
principle from a political guideline to an autonomous legal tenet, significantly impacting …