Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules
derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all …

Pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 is the subject of active research
around the world. COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is a complex disease in which …

Background The world is in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this comprehensive
review, we discuss the potential protective effects of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) …

Individuals suffering from severe viral respiratory tract infections have recently emerged as
“at risk” groups for developing invasive fungal infections. Influenza virus is one of the most …

Respiratory viruses cause infections of the upper or lower respiratory tract and they are
responsible for the common cold—the most prevalent disease in the world. In many cases …

Influenza viruses are a major pathogen of both humans and animals. Recent studies using
gene-knockout mice have led to an in-depth understanding of the innate sensors that detect …

Microbial infection initiates complex interactions between the pathogen and the host.
Pathogens express several signature molecules, known as pathogen-associated molecular …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are deadly weapons used by phagocytes and other cell
types, such as lung epithelial cells, against pathogens. ROS can kill pathogens directly by …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a fatal complication of influenza infection. In
this Review we provide an integrated model for its pathogenesis. ARDS involves damage to …

Neutrophils are immune cells that are well known to be present during many types of lung
diseases associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may contribute to …