Carbon fixation is the process by which CO2 is converted from a gas into biomass. The
Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle (CBB) is the dominant carbon-consuming pathway on …

Synthetic biology aims at designing new biological functions from first principles. These new
designs allow to expand the natural solution space and overcome the limitations of naturally …

Rubisco is the primary entry point for carbon into the biosphere. However, rubisco is widely
regarded as inefficient leading many to question whether the enzyme can adapt to become …

Cell-free gene expression (CFE) systems empower synthetic biologists to build biological
molecules and processes outside of living intact cells. The foundational principle is that …

The photorespiratory repair pathway (photorespiration in short) was set up from ancient
metabolic modules about three billion years ago in cyanobacteria, the later ancestors of …

Enzymatic carbon dioxide fixation is one of the most important metabolic reactions as it
allows the capture of inorganic carbon from the atmosphere and its conversion into organic …

For more than 3.5 billion years, life experienced dramatic environmental extremes on Earth.
These include shifts from oxygen-less to overoxygenated atmospheres and cycling between …

Global climate change caused by greenhouse gas emission is the fundamental challenge
facing mankind. Biological carbon dioxide fixation has recently attracted much attention. The …

Ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) provides insight into the changes within a protein
sequence across evolution. More specifically, it can illustrate how specific amino acid …

A protein's sequence determines its conformational energy landscape. This, in turn,
determines the protein's function. Understanding the evolution of new protein functions …