Proton channels exist in a wide variety of membrane proteins where they transport protons
rapidly and efficiently. Usually the proton pathway is formed mainly by water molecules …

Abstract F o F 1-ATP synthase is one of the most ubiquitous enzymes; it is found widely in
the biological world, including the plasma membrane of bacteria, inner membrane of …

Attempts to construct an artificial cell have widened our understanding of living organisms.
Many intracellular systems have been reconstructed by assembling molecules, however the …

ATP synthases produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate with energy from a
transmembrane proton motive force. Bacterial ATP synthases have been studied extensively …

F1 domain of ATP synthase is a rotary ATPase complex in which rotation of central γ-subunit
proceeds in 120° steps against a surrounding α3β3 fueled by ATP hydrolysis. How the ATP …

We used electron cryo-tomography and subtomogram averaging to investigate the structure
of complex I and its supramolecular assemblies in the inner mitochondrial membrane of …

Escherichia coli phage‐shock protein A (PspA), a 25.3 kDa peripheral membrane protein, is
induced under the membrane stress conditions and is assumed to help maintain membrane …

The ϵ subunit in F 0 F 1-ATPase/synthase undergoes drastic conformational rearrangement,
which involves the transition of two C-terminal helices between a hairpin" down"-state and …

Uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles is mediated by vesicular glutamate transporters
(VGLUTs). Although glutamate uptake has been shown to depend critically on Cl−, the …

FoF1-ATP synthase (FoF1) is a motor enzyme that couples ATP synthesis/hydrolysis with a
transmembrane proton translocation. F1, a water-soluble ATPase portion of FoF1, rotates by …