Decades of work have identified the signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation of
chondrocytes during bone formation, from their initial induction from mesenchymal …

ABSTRACT SOX9 is a pivotal transcription factor in developing and adult cartilage. Its gene
is expressed from the multipotent skeletal progenitor stage and is active throughout …

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis in three-dimensional (3D) culture involves
dynamic changes in cytoskeleton architecture during mesenchymal condensation before …

SOX9 is a transcriptional activator required for chondrogenesis, and SOX5 and SOX6 are
closely related DNA-binding proteins that critically enhance its function. We use here …

The transcription factor Sox9 is necessary for early chondrogenesis, but its subsequent roles
in the cartilage growth plate, a highly specialized structure that drives skeletal growth and …

The articular cartilage has insufficient intrinsic healing abilities, and articular cartilage
injuries often progress to osteoarthritis. Alginate-based scaffolds are attractive biomaterials …

Members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily of secreted factors play
essential roles in nearly every aspect of cartilage formation and maintenance. However, the …

RhoA GTPase plays a variety of functions in regulation of cytoskeletal proteins, cellular
morphology, and migration along with various proliferation and transcriptional activity in …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate network of proteins that surrounds cells and
has a central role in establishing an environment that is conducive to tissue-specific cell …

Cells encounter physical cues such as extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness in a
microenvironment replete with biochemical cues. However, the mechanisms by which cells …