Simple Summary Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are found in the tumor
microenvironment and exhibit several protumorigenic functions. Preclinical studies suggest …

Cancers are not composed merely of cancer cells alone; instead, they are complex
'ecosystems' comprising many different cell types and noncellular factors. The tumour stroma …

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts and is
involved in a variety of tumor-promoting activities such as matrix remodeling, angiogenesis …

Melittin (MEL), a major peptide component of bee venom, is an attractive candidate for
cancer therapy. This agent has shown a variety of anti-cancer effects in preclinical cell …

Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in
tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during …

Fibroblasts in the tumor stroma are well recognized as having an indispensable role in
carcinogenesis, including in the initiation of epithelial tumor formation. The association …

Background Breast cancer (BC), the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths,
remains a significant threat to the health and wellness of women worldwide. The tumor …

Several mechanisms underlying tumor progression have remained elusive, particularly in
relation to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Although TGF-β initially inhibits epithelial …

Tumors form a complex environment consisting of a variety of non-malignant cells.
Especially cancer-associated fibroblasts have been shown to have an important role for …

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is best known for its heightened expression in tumour
stroma. This atypical serine protease has both dipeptidyl peptidase and endopeptidase …