Asthma is an obstructive airway disease, with a heterogeneous and multifactorial
pathogenesis. Although generally considered to be a disease principally driven by chronic …

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of LAMAs in asthma is now supported by pharmacological
and clinical evidence, whereas the effectiveness of therapy with ICS/LABA/LAMA fixed dose …

Airways from asthmatics have a propensity to narrow excessively in response to
spasmogens (ie, contractile agonists), a feature called airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) …

Asthma is a prevalent respiratory disorder triggered by a variety of inhaled environmental
factors, such as allergens, viruses, and pollutants. Asthma is characterized by an elevated …

Force adaptation, a process whereby sustained spasmogenic activation (viz., tone) of airway
smooth muscle (ASM) increases its contractile capacity, has been reported in isolated ASM …

The contractile capacity of airway smooth muscle is not fixed but modulated by an
impressive number of extracellular inflammatory mediators. Targeting the transient …

Abstract Background and Objective The effect of serial incremental concentrations of
methacholine is only slightly cumulative when assessed by spirometry. This limited …

We relate changes of the airway wall to the response of the intact airway and the whole lung.
We address how mechanical conditions and specific structural changes for an airway …

Force adaptation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) is a process whereby the presence of tone
(ie, a sustained contraction) increases the contractile capacity. For example, tone has been …

The lung is a dynamic organ and the oscillating stress applied to the airway wall during
breathing maneuvers can decrease airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractility. However, it is …