Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays an important role in lung fibrosis. In this study,
we investigated the role of Rac1, mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), c-Jun N-terminal kinase …

Estrogens have been suggested to modulate several inflammatory processes. Here, we
show that IL-1β treatment induced the expression of approximately 75 genes in the liver of …

We recently reported that peptidoglycan (PGN), a cell wall component of the Gram‐positive
bacterium, induces NF‐κB activation and microglia activation. However, PGN‐regulated AP …

Altered expression of immune modulator and structural genes in neonatal unilateral ureteral
obstruction. Background Congenital obstructive nephropathy is a condition characterized by …

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that modulates the immune function, cell
proliferation, apoptosis, macrophage activation, and numerous other cellular responses …

The regulation of macrophage lipoprotein lipase by cytokines is of potentially crucial
importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We have shown previously that …

Thrombin plays an important role in lung inflammatory diseases. Thrombin can induce
connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in lung fibroblasts. However, little is …

Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus comprise two genera of negative-sense single-stranded RNA
viruses that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Despite considerable research …

Ceramide, formed by sphingomyelinase, is involved in the expression of cyclooxygenase-2
(COX-2). This study examines the effect of C2-ceramide (C2), a cell-permeable ceramide …

Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) is critical for the migration of monocytes/
macrophages into inflammatory sites through the basement membranes. We previously …