Metastasis formation is a complex process, involving multiple crucial steps, which are
controlled by different regulatory mechanisms. In this context, the contribution of cancer …

Cellular senescence forms a barrier to tumorigenesis, by inducing cell cycle arrest in
damaged and mutated cells. However, once formed, senescent cells often emit paracrine …

Background The intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of cancer cells plays an important role in
breast cancer resistance and recurrence. To develop better therapeutic strategies, it is …

Simple Summary Studies have shown that SPP1 plays an important role in the progression
of certain tumors, but the specific functional mechanism in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear …

Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is a driver of tumor evolution and a main cause of therapeutic
resistance. Despite its importance, measures of ITH are still not incorporated into clinical …

The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents is a promising
new approach in cancer treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors block the signals that help …

Molecular carcinogenesis is a multistep process that involves acquired abnormalities in key
biological processes. The complexity of cancer pathogenesis is best illustrated in the six …

Intratumor heterogeneity associates with poor patient outcome. Stromal stiffening also
accompanies cancer. Whether cancers demonstrate stiffness heterogeneity, and if this is …

Cancer development, progression and therapy response are heterogeneous and patient-
specific. The biological and physical properties of tumour cells and their surrounding tissue …

Accumulating evidence shows that despite clonal origins tumors eventually become
complex communities comprised of phenotypically distinct cell subpopulations. This …