Tumor angiogenesis is necessary for the continued survival and development of tumor cells,
and plays an important role in their growth, invasion, and metastasis. The tumor …

Tumor vascularization occurs through several distinct biological processes, which not only
vary between tumor type and anatomic location, but also occur simultaneously within the …

Ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis are fundamental rate-limiting steps for cell
growth and proliferation. The ribosomal proteins (RPs), comprising the structural parts of the …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although the
PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway has recently been considered as one of the most altered …

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, the regulator of blood and lymphatic
vessels, is mostly investigated in the tumor and ophthalmic field. However, the functions it …

Autophagy, originally found in liver experiments, is a cellular process that degrades
damaged organelle or protein aggregation. This process frees cells from various stress …

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is essential for endothelial cell functions
associated with angiogenesis. Signal transduction networks initiated by VEGFA/VEGFR2 …

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR)
signalling pathway is hyperactivated or altered in many cancer types and regulates a broad …

Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a well-
characterized tumour-suppressor gene that is lost or mutated in about half of metastatic …

The hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep
development of human tumors. The hallmarks constitute an organizing principle for …