This book reveals the development of students' understanding of statistical literacy. It
provides a way to" see" student thinking and gives readers a deeper sense of how students …

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ways in which Swedish seventh grade
students (12 and 13 years old) handle chance encounters. Four groups of students working …

Many studies have shown that the strategies used in making judgments of chance are
subject to systematic bias. Concerning chance and randomness, little is known about the …

One hundred eight students in Grades 3, 5, 6, 7, and 9 were asked about their beliefs
concerning fairness of dice before being presented with a few dice (at least one of which …

The research on students' understanding of probability in the middle school years has often
been part of wider studies including elementary and high school students. At times in this …

We present a view of knowledge construction processes, focusing on partially correct
constructs. Motivated by unexpected and seemingly inconsistent quantitative data based on …

This paper analyzes the relationship between proportional reasoning and understanding fair
games in Costa Rican students. We conducted a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the …

The ability to make valid probability predictions in the context of compound events (eg
tossing a coin and throwing a six-sided die) is a key learning goal for the middle school …

Abstract h is study aims to compare the effects of activity-based instruction and traditional
instruction on fifth grade primary school students' conceptual development of probability. he …

This study investigates students' conceptual variation and coordination among theoretical
and experimental interpretations of probability. In the analysis we follow how Swedish …