Bone remodeling is a lifelong process that gives rise to a mature, dynamic bone structure via
a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. These …

Osteocytes, the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone, are the master regulators of
bone remodeling. In addition to their functions in endocrine regulation and calcium and …

Wolff's law and the Utah Paradigm of skeletal physiology state that bone architecture adapts
to mechanical loads. These models predict the existence of a mechanostat that links strain …

Few investigators think of bone as an endocrine gland, even after the discovery that
osteocytes produce circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 that targets the kidney and …

Osteocytes comprise the overwhelming majority of cells in bone and are its only true
“permanent” resident cell population. In recent years, conceptual and technological …

In 1892, JL Wolff proposed that bone could respond to mechanical and biophysical stimuli
as a dynamic organ. This theory presents a unique opportunity for investigations on bone …

Morphogenesis is the remarkable process by which cells self-assemble into complex tissues
and organs that exhibit specialized form and function during embryological development …

Lack of physical activity causes bone loss and fractures not only in elderly people, but also
in bedridden patients or otherwise inactive youth. This is fast becoming one of the most …

Forces acting on cells govern many important regulatory events during development, normal
physiology, and disease processes. Integrin-mediated adhesions, which transmit forces …

Connexins are chordate gap junction channel proteins that, by enabling direct
communication between the cytosols of adjacent cells, create a unique cell signalling …