Accumulating evidence indicates that exercise can enhance brain function and attenuate
neurodegeneration. Besides improving neuroplasticity by altering the synaptic structure and …

Our understanding of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal system in patients with Parkinson's
disease has increased substantially in the past decade. The entire gastrointestinal tract is …

Amyloids are a class of protein with unique self-aggregation properties, and their aberrant
accumulation can lead to cellular dysfunctions associated with neurodegenerative diseases …

The intestinal microbiota influence neurodevelopment, modulate behavior, and contribute to
neurological disorders. However, a functional link between gut bacteria and …

Parkinson disease (PD) follows a defined clinical pattern, and a range of nonmotor
symptoms precede the motor phase. The predominant early nonmotor manifestations are …

Sleep disorders are among the most common non-motor manifestations in Parkinson's
disease (PD) and have a significant negative impact on quality of life. While sleep disorders …

Background: Non‐motor symptoms are detrimental to health‐related quality of life (HRQoL)
of Parkinson's disease patients. In this study, the Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was …

Dysphagia is a potentially harmful feature, also in Parkinson's disease (PD). As published
prevalence rates vary widely, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of oropharyngeal …

Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system afflicts most patients with Parkinson disease
and other synucleinopathies such as dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy …

A sensitive immunohistochemical method for phosphorylated α-synuclein was used to stain
sets of sections of spinal cord and tissue from 41 different sites in the bodies of 92 subjects …