The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the new coronavirus (CoV), throughout the globe poses a
daunting public health emergency. Different preventive efforts have been undertaken in …

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) breakout had an unimaginable worldwide effect in the
21st century, claiming millions of lives and putting a huge burden on the global economy …

Cross-reactive CD4+ T cells that recognize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) are more commonly detected in the peripheral blood of unexposed …

Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has reached pandemic proportions. A …

Although there are many hypotheses for the age-related difference in the severity of COVID-
19, differences in innate, adaptive and heterologous immunity, together with differences in …

SARS-CoV-2 and influenza are the main respiratory viruses for which effective vaccines are
currently available. Strategies in which COVID-19 and influenza vaccines are administered …

Herein we measured CD4+ T-cell responses against common cold coronaviruses (CCC)
and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in high-risk health care …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of
the rapidly spreading pandemic COVID-19 in the world. As an effective therapeutic strategy …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a real challenge for humanity with high
morbidity and mortality. Despite being primarily a respiratory illness, COVID-19 can affect …

Although most clinical studies focus on antibodies and cellular immunity in peripheral blood,
mucosal immune responses in the respiratory tract play a key role in the early restriction of …