The diagnosis and management of breast cancer are undergoing a paradigm shift from a
one-size-fits-all approach to an era of personalized medicine. Sophisticated diagnostics …

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of death
among female patients, which seriously threatens the health of women in the whole world …

Background The effect of internal mammary and medial supraclavicular lymph-node
irradiation (regional nodal irradiation) added to whole-breast or thoracic-wall irradiation after …

Background Postmastectomy radiotherapy was shown in previous meta-analyses to reduce
the risks of both recurrence and breast cancer mortality in all women with node-positive …

Purpose It is unknown whether irradiation of the internal mammary lymph nodes improves
survival in patients with early-stage breast cancer. A possible survival benefit might be offset …

PURPOSE The Danish Breast Cancer Group Internal Mammary Node study demonstrated
improved 8-year overall survival (OS) with internal mammary node irradiation (IMNI) in …

Purpose A joint American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society for Radiation
Oncology, and Society of Surgical Oncology panel convened to develop a focused update of …

Historically, heart dose from left-sided breast radiotherapy has been associated with a risk of
cardiac injury. Data suggests that there is not a threshold for the deleterious effects from …

Importance The benefit of internal mammary node irradiation (IMNI) for treatment outcomes
in node-positive breast cancer is unknown. Objective To investigate whether the inclusion of …

Background Radiotherapy has become much better targeted since the 1980s, improving
both safety and efficacy. In breast cancer, radiotherapy to regional lymph nodes aims to …