Animal life is controlled by neurons and in this setting cholinergic neurons play an important
role. Cholinergic neurons release ACh, which via nicotinic and muscarinic receptors (n‐and …

Purpose: The G-protein-coupled receptor/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein
kinase A (PKA) pathway is one of the most common and versatile signal pathways in …

Keratocytes, the quiescent cells of the corneal stroma, play a crucial role in corneal wound
healing. Neuropeptides and neurotransmitters are usually associated with neuronal …

Purpose: To evaluate changes in corneal endothelial cell density over time in patients with
dry eye disease (DED) and to correlate endothelial cell loss with corneal subbasal nerve …

Purpose Muscarinic receptors are known to regulate several important physiologic
processes in the eye. Antagonists to these receptors such as atropine and pirenzepine are …

Purpose Dry eye disease (DED) and other inflammatory ocular disorders have been
reported to be associated with decreased corneal endothelial cell density (CECD), however …

Purpose.: Because cholinergic drugs are used in ophthalmology and cholinergic stimulation
has been shown to facilitate epithelialization of mucocutaneous wounds, we performed a …

Mast cells (MCs) regulate wound healing and are influenced by the autonomic nervous
system (ANS). However, the underlying mechanisms affecting wound healing outcomes …

The biological role of acetylcholine and the cholinergic system is revisited based particularly
on scientific research early and late in the last century. On the one hand, acetylcholine …

Purpose.: Our previous study revealed the immunomodulatory property of the secreted
lymphocyte antigen (Ly6)/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-related …