Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms
behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data …

Pro-inflammatory stress is inherent in any cells that are subject to damage or threat of
damage. It is defined by a number of universal components, including oxidative stress …

Two-component systems (TCSs) and phosphorelays are key mediators of bacterial signal
transduction. The signals activating these systems promote the phosphorylated state of a …

Chronic kidney disease can progress to end-stage chronic renal disease (ESRD), which
requires the use of replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplant) in life-threatening …

The precise execution of various cellular functions relies on the maintenance of signaling
specificity from input detection to cellular outputs. However, diverse signaling pathways …

The COVID-19 pandemic examines not only the state of actual health care but also the state
of fundamental medicine in various countries. Pro-inflammatory processes extend far …

Cells harbour numerous receptor pathways to respond to diverse stimuli, yet often share
common downstream signalling components. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) …

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy
(FCCS), and photon counting histograms (PCH) are fluctuation methods that emerged …

Cellular responses to environmental or physiological cues rely on transduction pathways
that must ensure discrimination between different signals. These cascades 'crosstalk'and …

Scaffolding proteins add a new layer of complexity to the dynamics of cell signaling. Above
their basic function to bring several components of a signaling pathway together, recent …