Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) disruption is an important pathophysiological process of acute
ischemic stroke (AIS), resulting in devastating malignant brain edema and hemorrhagic …

Astrocytes play both physiological and pathological roles in maintaining central nervous
system (CNS) function. Here, we review the varied functions of astrocytes and how these …

Ischemic stroke generates an immune response that contributes to neuronal loss as well as
tissue repair. This is a complex process involving a range of cell types and effector …

Microglia are brain resident macrophages originated from primitive progenitor cells in the
yolk sac. Microglia can be activated within hours and recruited to the lesion site …

There is a growing interest in using natural medicines to treat stroke as the leading cause of
disability worldwide. Especially plant-derived natural medicines have multiple beneficial …

The nervous and immune systems control whole-body homeostasis and respond to various
types of tissue injury, including stroke, in a coordinated manner. Cerebral ischaemia and …

Following a cerebral ischemic event, substantial alterations in both cellular and molecular
activities occur due to ischemia-induced cerebral pathology. Mounting evidence indicates …

After ischemic stroke, the integrity of the blood-brain barrier is compromised. Peripheral
immune cells, including neutrophils, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages …

Stroke attracts neutrophils to the injured brain tissue where they can damage the integrity of
the blood–brain barrier and exacerbate the lesion. However, the mechanisms involved in …

Neutrophils are rapidly recruited in response to local tissue infection or inflammation. Stroke
triggers a strong inflammatory reaction but the relevance of neutrophils in the ischemic brain …