Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have provided an efficient way to integrate our gene of interest into
eukaryote cells. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-derived LVs have been vastly studied …

Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) are retroviruses that replicate effectively in human
CD4+ cells and cause the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) …

ABSTRACT HIV-1 must overcome multiple innate antiviral mechanisms to replicate in CD4+
T lymphocytes and macrophages. Previous studies have demonstrated that the …

In studies of HIV-1, virus production is normally monitored by either a reverse transcriptase
assay or a p24 antigen capture ELISA. However, these assays are costly and time …

Emerging evidence indicates that HIV-1 hijacks host DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways to
facilitate multiple facets of virus replication. Canonically, HIV-1 engages proviral DDR …

Integration of the reverse-transcribed viral DNA into host chromosomes is a critical step in
the life-cycle of retroviruses, including an oncogenic delta (δ)-retrovirus human T-cell …

Like many pathogenic viruses, SARS-CoV-2 must overcome interferon (IFN)-mediated host
defenses for infection establishment. To achieve this, SARS-CoV-2 deploys overlapping …

HIV-1 Vif recruits host cullin-RING-E3 ubiquitin ligase and CBFβ to degrade the cellular
APOBEC3 antiviral proteins through diverse interactions. Recent evidence has shown that …

The DDR consists of multiple pathways that sense, signal, and respond to anomalous DNA.
To promote efficient replication, viruses have evolved to engage and even modulate the …

Viruses must effectively remodel host cellular pathways to replicate and evade immune
defenses, and they must do so with limited genomic coding capacity. Targeting post …