Cancer progression with uncontrolled tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis depends
largely on the proteolytic activity of numerous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which …

During angiogenesis, new vessels emerge from existing endothelial lined vessels to
promote the degradation of the vascular basement membrane and remodel the extracellular …

Tumors can be depicted as wounds that never heal, and are infiltrated by a large array of
inflammatory and immune cells. Tumor‐associated chronic inflammation is a hallmark of …

Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men worldwide and consists of a
mixture of tumor and non-tumor cell types. To characterize the prostate cancer tumor …

IL-17, a potent proinflammatory cytokine, has been shown to intimately contribute to the
formation, growth, and metastasis of a wide range of malignancies. Recent studies implicate …

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) acts on PD-1 ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) to
suppress activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis …

Immune system acts as a host defensive mechanism protecting against attacking pathogens
and transformed cells, including cancer cells. Th17 cells are a specific subset of T helper …

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of
cancer-related death worldwide. Many therapeutic advances over the last two decades have …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a program wherein epithelial cells lose their
junctions and polarity while acquiring mesenchymal properties and invasive ability …

A common stage of advanced prostate cancer is castration-resistant prostate cancer
(CRPC), greater understanding of which is required in order to address and solve the …