Vascular tone of resistance arteries and arterioles determines peripheral vascular
resistance, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to, and within the …

The heart is uniquely responsible for providing its own blood supply through the coronary
circulation. Regulation of coronary blood flow is quite complex and, after over 100 years of …

Inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels allow K+ to move more easily into rather than out of the
cell. They have diverse physiological functions depending on their type and their location …

The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the
blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in …

Dynamic adjustments to neuronal energy supply in response to synaptic activity are critical
for neuronal function. Glial cells known as astrocytes have processes that ensheath most …

The mechanisms by which active neurons, via astrocytes, rapidly signal intracerebral
arterioles to dilate remain obscure. Here we show that modest elevation of extracellular …

In this review, we present the basic properties, physiological functions, regulation, and
pathological alterations of four major classes of K+ channels that have been detected in …

The term endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF) was introduced in 1987 to
describe the hypothetical factor responsible for myocyte hyperpolarisations not associated …

The endothelium controls vascular tone not only by releasing nitric oxide (NO) and
prostacyclin but also by other pathways causing hyperpolarization of the underlying smooth …

Retinal ganglion cells, the neurons that die in glaucoma, are endowed with a high
metabolism requiring optimal provision of oxygen and nutrients to sustain their activity. The …