Lipids are one of the major components of biological membranes including the plasma
membrane, which is the interface between the cell and the environment. It has become clear …

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an essential phospholipid involved in membrane biosynthesis and
signal transduction in all eukaryotes. This review focuses on its role as lipid second …

Pathogens of plants and animals produce effector proteins that are transferred into the
cytoplasm of host cells to suppress host defenses. One type of plant pathogens, oomycetes …

Anionic phospholipids, which include phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and
phosphoinositides, represent a small percentage of membrane lipids. They are able to …

Many signalling proteins permanently or transiently localize to specific organelles. It is well
established that certain lipids act as biochemical landmarks to specify compartment identity …

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism critical for plant acclimation to
environmental stresses. Central to autophagy is the formation of specialized vesicles, the …

Aims The management of acute liver failure (ALF) is a major challenge worldwide. The
current study aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of TNF-α pretreatment of umbilical …

Phosphatidylinositolphosphates (PIP s) are phospholipids that contain a phosphorylated
inositol head group. PIP s represent a minor fraction of total phospholipids, but are involved …

In the past 5–10 years, the power of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its numerous
derivatives has been harnessed toward the development of genetically encoded fluorescent …

Since the discovery of the phosphoinositide/phospholipase C (PI/PLC) system in animal
systems, we know that phospholipids are much more then just structural components of …