Exosomes are nanoparticles secreted by all cell types and are a large component of the
broader class of nanoparticles termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). Once secreted …

Several lines of preclinical and clinical research have confirmed that chronic low-grade
inflammation of adipose tissue is mechanistically linked to metabolic disease and organ …

Introduction Oxidative stress and inflammation are known to play a critical role in ageing and
chronic disease development and could therefore represent important targets for developing …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage
degradation but also synovial membrane inflammation, osteophyte formation and …

Metabolism is important for cartilage and synovial joint function. Under adverse
microenvironmental conditions, mammalian cells undergo a switch in cell metabolism from a …

Leptin is one of the most relevant factors secreted by adipose tissue and the forerunner of a
class of molecules collectively called adipokines. Initially discovered in 1994, its crucial role …

Obesity, a social problem worldwide, is characterized by an increase in body weight that
results in excessive fat accumulation. Obesity is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and …

Abstract The American Medical Association recently recognized obesity as both an illness
and a leading cause of preventable death and chronic disease. This association is not only …

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common health concern caused by repeated episodes
of collapse of the upper airway during sleep. The events associated with OSA lead to brain …

Abstract Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
(NGAL), is a secreted glycoprotein that belongs to a group of transporters of small lipophilic …