Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was the original “second messenger” to be
discovered. Its formation is promoted by adenylyl cyclase activation after ligation of G protein …

Upon infection, mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and
nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), are recognized by host innate immune cells, triggering …

Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) remains challenging, with lengthy treatment durations and
complex drug regimens that are toxic and difficult to administer. Similar to the vast majority of …

The ability of macrophages to clear pathogens and elicit a sustained immune response is
regulated by various cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ). To investigate the molecular …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis arrests phagosomal maturation in infected macrophage, and,
apart from health significance, provides a superb model system to dissect the …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) has co-evolved with humans for thousands of years, to
cause tuberculosis (TB). The success of M. tb as a pathogen is in part because of the ways …

Intracellular human pathogens are the deadliest infectious diseases and pose great difficulty
to effectively treat due to their protection inside the host cell and the development of …

The successful establishment and maintenance of a bacterial infection depend on the
pathogen's ability to subvert the host cell's defense response and successfully survive …

Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA or ACT) is a key virulence factor of pathogenic Bordetellae. It
penetrates phagocytes expressing the α M β 2 integrin (CD11b/CD18, Mac-1 or CR3) and …

Dictyostelium discoideum is a haploid social soil amoeba that is an established host model
for several human pathogens. The research areas presently pursued include the use of D …