In this review, the application of membrane-based technology in water social circulation was
summarized. Water social circulation encompassed the entire process from the acquirement …

Electrochemical precipitation (EP) is recognized as a promising technology for its facile
removal of metal ions via electrochemically-driven precipitation or reduction reactions. This …

Membrane-based electrochemical precipitation (MEP) has been pioneered and
demonstrated effective for hardness ion removal in cooling water, however, the removal of …

Municipal nanofiltration (NF) concentrate generally contains sulfate and divalent cations. In
this study, the SO 4 2−, Ca 2+, and Mg 2+ were recovered by the two-step ion exchange …

As an emerging metal organic framework (MOF) material, MIL-101 (Cr) has a large specific
surface area and good hydraulic stability, making it ideal in applications before ultrafiltration …

The combined fouling effect prevalent in the nanofiltration (NF) process severely limits its
use. In this study, cation exchange membrane (CEM) electrolysis was performed to alleviate …

Full depletion of magnesium cations from lithium rich brines is vital for the successful
crystallization of battery grade lithium salts in subsequent production steps. In a three …

The complex organic and inorganic solutes present in nanofiltration's purification by-product
(NF concentrate, NFC) pose challenges to the water processing procedure. To address this …

In this study, a hybrid ion exchange membrane (IEM) electrolysis process incorporating
AEM/CEM electrolysis was implemented to investigate the removal efficiency and the …

During the production of high purity lithium salts, magnesium and calcium will readily
crystalize as either carbonates or hydroxides if their concentrations have not been depleted …