Small RNAs are ubiquitously present regulators in all kingdoms of life. Most bacterial and
archaeal small RNAs (sRNAs) act by antisense mechanisms on multiple target mRNAs …

A comprehensive understanding of host–pathogen interactions requires a knowledge of the
associated gene expression changes in both the pathogen and the host. Traditional, probe …

SUMMARY A substantial amount of antisense transcription is a hallmark of gene expression
in eukaryotes. However, antisense transcription was first demonstrated in bacteria almost 50 …

Bacteria constitute a large and diverse class of infectious agents, causing devastating
diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Our understanding of gene expression control …

Small RNAs (sRNAs) in bacteria have evolved with diverse mechanisms to balance their
target gene expression in response to changes in the environment. Accumulating studies on …

Autotransporters are a superfamily of proteins that use the type V secretion pathway for their
delivery to the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. At first glance, autotransporters look to …

RNA-based pathways that regulate protein expression are much more widespread than
previously thought. Regulatory RNAs, including 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions next to the …

Polyamines are small polycationic molecules found in almost all cells and associated with a
wide variety of physiological processes. In recent years it has become increasingly clear …

In recent years, non-coding RNAs have emerged as key regulators of gene expression.
Among these RNAs, the antisense RNAs (asRNAs) are particularly abundant, but in most …

Background Sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil-dwelling α-proteobacterium that possesses a
large, tripartite genome and engages in a nitrogen fixing symbiosis with its plant hosts …