Herein, we review mechanisms and models of solute transport relevant to nanofiltration
(NF), reverse osmosis (RO), and forward osmosis (FO) membrane separation processes. We …

Despite the important role played by active layer thickness in the performance of thin-film
composite (TFC) membranes, and in the understanding of the intrinsic transport properties …

Existing studies investigating the elemental composition of membrane foulant layers
typically use one of the following analytical techniques: energy-dispersive X-ray …

Thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes are emerging water-purification membranes that
could provide enhanced water permeance with similar solute removal over traditional thin …

We studied the volume-averaged chlorine (Cl) uptake into the bulk region of the aromatic
polyamide active layer of a reverse osmosis membrane upon exposure to free chlorine …

The volume-averaged amide link scission in the aromatic polyamide active layer of a
reverse osmosis membrane upon exposure to free chlorine was quantified at a variety of …

A reliable, user-friendly, bench-top method was developed and evaluated for the
measurement of negative charge density in the active layers of thin-film composite and thin …

To better understand full-scale fouling of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes, it is
common to autopsy a membrane element from a specific location in the full-scale system of …

The N 14 (p, γ) O 15 reaction regulates the power generated by the CN cycle and thus
impacts the structure and evolution of every star at some point in its life. The lowest positive …

A proof-of-concept for the fabrication of novel anti-biofouling water purification membranes
through the incorporation of a 2-aminoimidazole (2-AI) during membrane casting is …