Sustained hepatic inflammation is an important factor in progression of chronic liver
diseases, including hepatitis C or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver inflammation is …

HIV infection has a significant impact on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infection, with increased levels of HBV DNA, accelerated progression of liver disease and …

The interactions between chemokine receptors and their ligands may affect susceptibility to
infectious diseases as well as their clinical manifestations. These interactions mediate both …

S‐acylation (or palmitoylation) is a reversible post‐translational modification (PTM) that
modulates protein activity, signalization and trafficking. Palmitoylation was found to …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious disease, mainly due to its severe
pathological consequences, which are difficult to cure using current therapies. When the …

With each infectious pandemic or outbreak, the medical community feels the need to revisit
basic concepts of immunology to understand and overcome the difficult times brought about …

Objective The primary target cells for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in
the genital tract are CD4 T cells that express CCR5 on the surface. Alterations in genital tract …

While human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is controlled through continuous,
life-long use of a combination of drugs targeting different steps of the virus cycle, HIV-1 is …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health issue, but currently available anti-HBV drugs have
limited success. Previously, introduction of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 ligand poly (I: C) to …

Chemokine receptors and ligands are crucial for extensive immune response against
infectious diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, HIV and tuberculosis and a wide variety …