The regulation of cellular behavior within a three-dimensional (3D) environment to execute a
specific function remains a challenge in the field of tissue engineering. In native tissues …

GBM is the most aggressive and common form of primary brain cancer with a dismal
prognosis. Current GBM treatments have not improved patient survival, due to the propensity …

Synthetic hydrogels are widely used as artificial 3D environments for cell culture, facilitating
the controlled study of cell-environment interactions. However, most hydrogels are limited in …

Black phosphorus nanosheet (BPNS) has recently demonstrated intrinsic anti-tumor
bioactivity, but its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear, limiting its potential …

In brain metastasis, cancer cells remain in close contact with the existing vasculature and
can use vessels as migratory paths—a process known as vessel co-option. However, the …

The mechanical properties of solid tumors influence tumor cell phenotype and the ability to
invade surrounding tissues. Using bioengineered scaffolds to provide a matrix …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of
glioblastoma (GBM) severely hinder the infiltration and activity of natural killer (NK) cells …

Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment,
although the outcomes are partially satisfactory. Hence, more effective strategies are …

Tumor organoids and tumors-on-chips can be built by placing patient-derived cells within an
engineered extracellular matrix (ECM) for personalized medicine. The engineered ECM …

Patients diagnosed with glioma typically face a limited life expectancy (around 15 months on
average), a bleak prognosis, and a high likelihood of recurrence. As such, glioma is …