Clefts of the lip and/or palate (CLP) are common birth defects of complex aetiology. CLP can
occur in isolation or as part of a broad range of chromosomal, Mendelian or teratogenic …

Clefts of the lip and palate are generally divided into two groups, isolated cleft palate and
cleft lip with or without cleft palate, representing a heterogeneous group of disorders …

As part of a collaborative project on the epidemiology of craniofacial anomalies, funded by
the National Institutes for Dental and Craniofacial Research and channeled through the …

The influence of folate nutritional status on various pregnancy outcomes has long been
recognized. Studies conducted in the 1950s and 1960s led to the recognition of prenatal …

Background Countries worldwide recommend women planning pregnancy to use daily 400
µg of synthetic folic acid in the periconceptional period to prevent birth defects in children …

Classical descriptive epidemiology in the field of cleft lip and palate aims to quantify the
problem, and in the higher income countries it is possible to do this with varying degrees of …

Objective To explore the role of folic acid supplements, dietary folates, and multivitamins in
the prevention of facial clefts. Design National population based case-control study. Setting …

Despite worldwide public-health campaigns recommending periconceptional daily
supplementation of synthetic folic acid to reduce the risk of neural tube defects, many …

Orofacial clefts are common and burdensome birth defects with a complex genetic and
environmental etiology. The contribution of nutritional factors and supplements to the …

Background The glycemic index (GI) characterizes foods by using the incremental area
under the glycemic response curve relative to a similar amount of oral glucose. Its ability to …