The collective activity of a population of neurons, beyond the properties of individual cells, is
crucial for many brain functions. A fundamental question is how activity correlations between …

Dendrites have always fascinated researchers: from the artistic drawings by Ramon y Cajal
to the beautiful recordings of today, neuroscientists have been striving to unravel the …

Dendritic spines mediate most excitatory neurotransmission in the nervous system, so their
function must be critical for the brain. Spines are biochemical compartments but might also …

Single-wavelength fluorescent reporters allow visualization of specific neurotransmitters with
high spatial and temporal resolution. We report variants of intensity-based glutamate …

Learning induces the formation of new excitatory synapses in the form of dendritic spines,
but their functional properties remain unknown. Here, using longitudinal in vivo two-photon …

The selectivity of neuronal responses arises from the architecture of excitatory and inhibitory
connections. In the primary visual cortex, the selectivity of a neuron in layer 2/3 for stimulus …

Sensory processing in the neocortex requires both feedforward and feedback information
flow between cortical areas. In feedback processing, higher-level representations provide …

Neurons and neural networks often extend hundreds of micrometers in three dimensions.
Capturing the calcium transients associated with their activity requires volume imaging …

How a sensory stimulus is processed and perceived depends on the surrounding sensory
scene. In the visual cortex, contextual signals can be conveyed by an extensive network of …

Calcium imaging with protein-based indicators is widely used to follow neural activity in
intact nervous systems. The popular GCaMP indicators are based on the calcium-binding …