During protein synthesis, ribosomes encounter many roadblocks, the outcomes of which are
largely determined by substrate availability, amino acid features and reaction kinetics …

Protein homeostasis of bacterial cells is maintained by coordinated processes of protein
production, folding, and degradation. Translational efficiency of a given mRNA depends on …

Extensive tumour inflammation, which is reflected by high levels of infiltrating T cells and
interferon-γ (IFNγ) signalling, improves the response of patients with melanoma to …

Faithful translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein is essential to maintain protein
homeostasis in the cell. Spontaneous translation errors are very rare due to stringent …

During canonical translation, the ribosome moves along an mRNA from the start to the stop
codon in exact steps of one codon at a time. The collinearity of the mRNA and the protein …

The human genome is pervasively transcribed and yet only a small fraction of these RNAs
(less than 2%) are known to code for proteins. The vast majority of the RNAs are classified …

Translation and ribosome biogenesis in mitochondria require auxiliary factors that ensure
rapid and accurate synthesis of mitochondrial proteins. Defects in translation are associated …

Although the elongating ribosome is an efficient helicase, certain mRNA stem-loop
structures are known to impede ribosome movement along mRNA and stimulate …

Human population growth, climate change, and globalization are accelerating the
emergence of novel pathogenic viruses. In the past two decades alone, three such members …

Translation facilitates the transfer of the genetic information stored in the genome via
messenger RNAs to a functional protein and is therefore one of the most fundamental …