The adaptive immune system and associated inflammation are vital in surveillance and host
protection against internal and external threats, but can secondarily damage host tissues …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and debilitating chronic disease that affects more
than six million people worldwide, with rising prevalence. The hallmarks of PD are motor …

During Parkinson's disease (PD), both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral
nervous system (PNS) are affected. In parallel, innate immune cells respond early to …

Inflammation contributes to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. We hypothesized that B
lymphocytes are involved in Parkinson's disease progression. We measured antibodies to …

Parkinson's disease is characterized neuropathologically by the degeneration of
dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain, the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after
Alzheimer's disease. Inflammation has been observed in both the idiopathic and familial …

Background Motor symptoms are well-characterized in Parkinson's disease (PD). However,
non-motor symptoms, such as depression, are commonly observed and can appear up to 10 …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that manifests as motor
and nonmotor symptoms due to the selective loss of midbrain DArgic (DA) neurons. More …

Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neurodegenerative disorders
caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, and familial factors. These diseases …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with peripheral inflammation and
abnormal peripheral blood lymphocyte immune responses. Peripheral blood B-lymphocyte …