Across the entire mantle we interpret 94 positive seismic wave-speed anomalies as
subducted lithosphere and associate these slabs with their geological record. We document …

Integration of regional stratigraphic relationships with data on sediment accumulation,
provenance, paleodrainage, and deformation timing enables a reconstruction of Mesozoic …

Mountain building in the Andes, the longest continental mountain range on Earth, started in
the Late Cretaceous but was highly diachronous. Reconstructing the timing of surface uplift …

Abstract Northwestern South America preserves a record of the assembly of western
Pangaea, its disassembly and initiation of the far western Tethys Wilson Cycle, subsequent …

An integration of diverse strain markers into a palinspastic reconstruction of the northern
Andes provides a first-order quantitative approximation to the response of a complex margin …

The Caribbean oceanic crust was formed west of the North and South American continents,
probably from Late Jurassic through Early Cretaceous time. Its subsequent evolution has …

Subduction initiation is one of the main unsolved issues in plate tectonics theory with
different proposed mechanisms. In the arc (plateau, terrane)-continent collision models, a …

New thermochronological data record a complex cooling history in the Central and Western
Cordilleras of Colombia that is a function of Early Cretaceous to late Miocene tectonic …

Geothermal fluids and volcanic emissions are important sources of arsenic (As), resulting in
elevated concentrations of As in ground-, surface-water and soil, which may adversely affect …

Plate tectonics is the governing theory that unifies the Earth Sciences and is unique to Earth.
The sinking of lithosphere in subduction zones drives plate tectonics but exactly how and …