The current conceptualization of Alzheimer disease (AD) is driven by the amyloid
hypothesis, in which a deterministic chain of events leads from amyloid deposition and then …

ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in the CNS. There are three major human
polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the genetic expression of APOE4 is one of …

Polymorphism in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is a major genetic risk determinant of
late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD), with the APOE* ε 4 allele conferring an increased risk …

The shared role of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and
Alzheimer disease (AD) is arguably the clearest instance of crosstalk between …

Perivascular spaces include a variety of passageways around arterioles, capillaries and
venules in the brain, along which a range of substances can move. Although perivascular …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and
pathogens from entering the brain. At the same time, the BBB regulates transport of …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in maintaining the specialized
microenvironment of the neural tissue. It separates the peripheral circulatory system from the …

Genes play a strong role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with late-onset AD showing heritability
of 58–79% and early-onset AD showing over 90%. Genetic association provides a robust …

Ageing is a major risk factor for many neurological pathologies, but its mechanisms remain
unclear. Unlike other tissues, the parenchyma of the central nervous system (CNS) lacks …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a continuous endothelial membrane within brain
microvessels that has sealed cell-to-cell contacts and is sheathed by mural vascular cells …