Recreational activities in nature have increased considerably in recent decades. Human
disturbance may trigger similar trade‐offs in birds that the natural risk of predation generates …

The avian eggshell is a bio-ceramic structure that protects the embryo. It is composed almost
entirely of calcium carbonate and a small amount of organic material. An optimal amount of …

The survival of a bird's developing embryo depends on the egg's ability to stay within strict
thermal limits. How eggshell colours help maintain thermal balance is a long-standing and …

Given that flower size and pigmentation can mediate plant–pollinator interactions, many
studies have focused on pollinator-driven selection on these floral traits. However, abiotic …

Brood parasitized and/or colonial birds use egg features as visual identity signals, which
allow parents to recognize their own eggs and avoid paying fitness costs of misdirecting …

The fields of avian egg and nestling colour detection have rapidly advanced owing to the
application of visual models, which have allowed assessing of evolutionary questions …

Differences in bird eggshell thicknesses occur due to numerous factors, including thinning
due to persistent organic pollutants. Not only does thinning weaken the shell; weaker shells …

Daylight is an important factor necessary for the proper embryonic development of birds,
which raises the question, what happens when birds nest in relatively dim sites? The study …

The proportions of individuals in various age classes in a population of wild animals affect
population trends, behaviors, learning, and social structures. Knowledge of age structure is …

Birds have evolved an astonishing diversity of egg pigmentation and this variation is driven
by a complex interplay of proximate and ultimate factors. In ecological research, egg …