A recurrent theme in embryonic development and tissue regeneration is that cells
communicate with each other using just a handful of conserved families of signaling …

Skeletal homeostasis is determined by systemic hormones and local factors. Bone
morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are unique because they induce the differentiation of …

Administration of exosomes is considered an attractive cell-free approach to skeletal repair
and pathological disease treatment. However, poor yield for the production technique and …

Inflammatory response is a critical stage in typical wound healing. Although studies have
reported that some bioactive materials can modulate the polarization of macrophages to …

Signals released by the Spemann organizer of the amphibian gastrula can directly induce
neural tissue from ectoderm and can dorsalize ventral mesoderm to form muscle. The …

We have developed a versatile Escherichia coli expression system based on the use of E.
coli thioredoxin (trxA) as a gene fusion partner. The broad utility of the system is illustrated …

Statement of findings Mesenchymal precursor cells found in the blood (BMPCs) of normal
persons adhere to plastic and glass and proliferate logarithmically in DMEM-20% fetal calf …

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a widely used technique in preclinical and clinical
studies due to its predictability. Its main purpose is to prevent the migration of soft tissue into …

Osteoblasts arise from common progenitors with chondrocytes, muscle and adipocytes, and
various hormones and local factors regulate their differentiation. We review here regulation …

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) plays a decisive role during bone regeneration and
repair as well as during various stages of embryonal development. A cDNA encoding …