The privatization of punishment is a well-established phenomenon in modern criminal
justice operations. Less understood are the market and technological forces that have …

In this article, we highlight the existence and expansion of so-called 'collateral
consequences'(CCs) of criminal records in Europe to challenge the prevalent view that …

The Netherlands has endorsed a unique system regarding the management, disclosure and
screening of criminal records. Disclosure to third parties is strongly restricted, yet all …

The following sections describe the various legal authorities that revise or supplement a
person's criminal record to reduce or eliminate barriers to opportunity in civil society. These …

State legislators and the general public are expressing evergreater concerns about the
myriad costs of the" war on drugs" and the punitive treatment of less serious criminal …

This article contributes to the discussion on criminal record-keeping and post-prison
employment from the perspective of a developing country. We present and discuss the …

Collateral consequences (CCs) of criminal convictions such as disenfranchisement,
occupational restrictions, exclusions from public housing, and loss of welfare benefits …

The use of criminal background checks (CBCs)–requests for information on previous
convictions during the employment recruitment process–is growing worldwide. This article …

Collateral consequences of criminal convictions such as occupational restrictions,
ineligibility for welfare benefits, and disenfranchisement from voting have drastic and long …

The extensive use of criminal background checks—the request for information on prior
convictions for non-judicial purposes—creates obstacles to a fair reentry of individuals with …