Abstract Hyper Immunoglobulin M syndrome (HIGM) is a rare primary immunodeficiency
disorder characterized by low or absent levels of serum IgG, IgA, IgE and normal or …

The ability of B cells to generate antibodies and provide long-lived protective immunity is the
cornerstone of vaccination and has contributed to the success of modern medicine. The nine …

The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and the American
College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) have jointly accepted responsibility for …

Background Combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs) are diseases of defective adaptive
immunity with diverse clinical phenotypes. Although CIDs are more prevalent in the Middle …

Background The number of inherited diseases and the spectrum of clinical manifestations of
primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) are ever-expanding. Molecular diagnosis using …

Background X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M (XHIGM), a primary immunodeficiency
syndrome caused by mutations in the CD40 ligand gene (CD40LG), presents with recurrent …

Background Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most common primary
immunodeficiencies, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and inability to generate …

The hyper IgM syndromes are a rare group of primary immunodeficiency. The X-linked
Hyper IgM syndrome (HIGM), due to a gene defect in CD40L, is the commonest variant; it is …

X‐linked hyper‐IgM syndrome (XHIGM) is one type of primary immunodeficiency diseases,
resulting from defects in the CD40 ligand/CD40 signaling pathways. We retrospectively …

Background Primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is the most common group of primary
immunodeficiency disorders (PID), with a broad spectrum of clinical features ranging from …