Galls are modified, invariably symmetrical, naturally developing plant structures that arise
because of messages from certain specialist insects, mostly from the Thysanoptera …

Gall-inducing insects are capable of exerting a high level of control over their hosts' cellular
machinery to the extent that the plant's development, metabolism, chemistry, and physiology …

The galling insect Bystracoccus mataybae (Eriococcidae) induces green and intralaminar
galls on leaflets of Matayba guianensis (Sapindaceae), and promotes a high oxidative stress …

Every organism on Earth depends on interactions with other organisms to survive. In each of
these interactions, an organism must utilize the limited toolbox of genes and proteins it …

Mutualisms are consumer–resource interactions, in which goods and services are
exchanged. Biological market theory states that exchanges should be regulated by both …

Aim The strength of species interactions is traditionally expected to increase toward the
Equator. However, recent studies have reported opposite or inconsistent latitudinal trends in …

The high levels of oxidative stress detected in gall tissues, the production of phenolic
derivatives as scavengers of these molecules, and the changes in the gall photochemical …

The adaptive nature of the galler habit has been tentatively explained by the nutrition,
microenvironment, and enemy hypotheses. Soil attributes have direct relationships with …

Background The source and sink relationships between insect-induced galls and host plant
leaves are interesting. In this research, we collected cup-like galls induced by …

Gall-inducing insects produce various types of galls on plants, but little is known about the
gall-induction mechanism of these galling insects. The gall wasp Leptocybe invasa Fisher & …