For several decades, species competition has dominated in ecological theory. However,
since the beginning of the 1990s, facilitation has been recognized as a major driving force of …

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal mycelia are the main organs for nutrient uptake in many
woody plants, and often connect seedlings to mature trees. While it is known that resources …

Mycorrhizal networks (MNs) are fungal hyphae that connect roots of at least two plants. It has
been suggested that these networks are ecologically relevant because they may facilitate …

In this paper, by reviewing ecological studies of ectomycorrhizal fungi where both fruiting
bodies and mycorrhizal root tips were simultaneously surveyed, we investigate whether the …

To advance understanding of the contribution of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi to tree
successional processes, natural establishment patterns of secondary colonizing hosts and …

Niche differentiation in soil horizons, host species and natural nutrient gradients contribute
to the high diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in boreal forests. This study aims at …

The spores of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) play critical roles in the population and
community development of EMF. Here, the germination and infectivity of EMF spores are …

The importance of mycorrhizal network (MN)-mediated colonization under field conditions
between trees and seedlings was investigated. We also determined the combined …

• Premise of the study: Mixotrophy is a strategy whereby plants acquire carbon both through
photosynthesis and heterotrophic exploitation of mycorrhizal fungi. In Euro‐American …

We investigated the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal colonization status of Pinus thunbergii
mature trees and regenerating seedlings varying in age in coastal pine forests on the east …