The central nervous system (CNS) receives information from afferent neurons, circulating
hormones, and absorbed nutrients and integrates this information to orchestrate the actions …

The sympathetic nervous system maintains metabolic homeostasis by orchestrating the
activity of organs such as the pancreas, liver, and white and brown adipose tissues. From …

Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) communicate with peripheral organs largely
via the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Through such communications, the sympathetic …

Given the crucial role of the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs in handling nutrient
assimilation and metabolism, it has long been known that its communication with the brain is …

There are∼ 4500 genes within the 'druggable genome', the subset of the human genome
that expresses proteins able to bind drug-like molecules, yet existing drugs only target a few …

The prevalence of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, continues to
increase worldwide. Although newer and more advanced therapies are available, current …

Summary Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health and economic burden worldwide. Despite
the availability of multiple drugs for short-term management, sustained remission of T2D is …

The discovery of leptin in 1994 was an “eureka moment” in the field of neurometabolism that
provided new opportunities to better understand the central control of energy balance and …

The vagus nerve vitally connects the brain and body to coordinate digestive,
cardiorespiratory, and immune functions. Its efferent neurons, which project their axons from …

Hypothalamic interleukin-6 (IL6) exerts a broad metabolic control. Here, we demonstrated
that IL6 activates the ERK1/2 pathway in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), stimulating …